Monkey pox is an infectious disease caused by the monkey pox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes viruses like smallpox, cowpox, and camelpox. There is a current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
WAYS OF TRANSMISSION.
The virus was first identified in 1958 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire) in a colony of monkeys. Monkey pox can be transmitted through different ways which include human to human transmission, animal to human and contact with contaminated objects and surfaces.
Getting in physical contact with someone who is infected with monkey pox virus can make you contract the disease. It could be through touching or inhaling air that is contaminated with some respiratory droplets. Direct contact with infected animals can also get you infected with the virus.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
The signs and symptoms of monkey pox can vary from person to person. Here are some common ones:
EARLY SYMPTOMS.
1. Fever
2. Headache
3. Muscle aches
4. Swollen lymph nodes
5. Fatigue
6. Chills
SIGNS.
A rash or blisters on the skin, often starting on the face, hands, feet and genital area as well as the oral cavity. The rash can progress through stages:
- Flat spots
- Raised bumps
- Fluid-filled blisters
- Crusting and scabbing
ADDITIONAL SYMPTOMS.
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
Monkey pox can be mild or severe. Most cases are mild, but severe cases can occur, especially in children and immunocompromised individuals. Severe symptoms include:
1. Pneumonia
2. Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
3. Septicaemia (blood infection)
4. Death (in rare cases)
PREVENTATIVE MEASURES.
Here are some measures to take:
- Get vaccinated against smallpox, as it provides some protection against monkey pox.
- Avoid direct contact with infected animals or humans.
- Wear masks, gloves, and protective clothing when handling animals or interacting with infected individuals.
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water, and use alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
- Avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth
- Create public awareness by educating communities about monkey pox risks and prevention measures.
- Monitor for cases and report to health authorities.
- Isolate infected individuals to prevent transmission.
- Promote good hygiene practices in public places.
- Vaccinate animals in areas where monkey pox is common.
- Healthcare workers should follow proper infection control procedures.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and reduce the risk.
There is no cure for monkey pox, but treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, managing complications, and supporting the body’s immune system.
Currently, people are using supportive care, smallpox vaccination, antiviral medications, immunoglobulin and experimental treatment to help those who are suffering from the infection.